Simple Explanation

The absorption of sound is the process by which sound energy is diminished when passing through a medium or when striking a surface—i.e., sound is reduced through absorption.

Concise Technical Definition

In acoustics, absorption is the tendency of certain materials to absorb (as opposed to reflect) sound waves. A material's absorption coefficient ranges from 0 (total reflection) to 1 (total absorption), depending on sound frequency and angle of incidence.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Absorption is like sound being “soaked up” by a soft material—like curtains, foam, or carpets—turning sound energy into heat and reducing echo.

Industry Usage Summary

To absorb is to receive (an impulse) without echo or recoil: a fabric that absorbs sound; a bumper that absorbs impact; therefore, absorption is the act or process of absorbing. [AHD] In acoustics, it refers to how sound energy is reduced when passing through or hitting a material.

Engineering Shortcut

Absorption = energy loss via material; α (alpha) = 0–1 coefficient.

Full Technical Explanation

Sound absorption is the process by which acoustic energy is reduced when sound waves interact with a material. Instead of being reflected, the energy is converted—mostly into heat—within the structure of the material. This behavior is quantified by an absorption coefficient (α), which ranges from 0 (perfectly reflective) to 1 (perfectly absorptive). The coefficient depends on the frequency of the sound and its angle of incidence. Common absorptive materials include foam panels, fiberglass, carpets, and heavy drapes, and they are widely used in studio design, acoustic treatment, and architectural spaces to reduce reverb, flutter echo, and overall sound reflections.