Simple Explanation

A component that stores small amounts of electrical energy for later use.

Concise Technical Definition

A passive two-terminal electronic component that stores energy electrostatically in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating dielectric material.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like a small rechargeable battery that charges quickly and discharges rapidly when needed—useful for smoothing or supplying quick bursts of power.

Industry Usage Summary

Widely used in audio electronics, power supplies, filters, and amplifiers. In audio, capacitors handle signal coupling, tone shaping, and DC blocking. Also used to smooth voltage fluctuations in power rails.

Engineering Shortcut

C = Q/V (Capacitance equals charge divided by voltage). Often used for DC blocking, AC coupling, and timing circuits.

Full Technical Explanation

A capacitor stores energy in the form of an electric field between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric. When voltage is applied, charge accumulates on the plates. Capacitors resist changes in voltage, making them critical in signal filtering, smoothing ripple in power supplies, and timing circuits. In audio applications, capacitors isolate DC from audio signals, shape tone, and protect sensitive equipment. Capacitors are characterized by their capacitance value (measured in farads), voltage rating, and dielectric type.