Simple Explanation

A number that compares the highest peak of a sound wave to its average power level.

Concise Technical Definition

The ratio of the peak amplitude of a waveform to its RMS (root mean square) value, typically expressed in decibels (dB).

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like measuring the height of the tallest wave in the ocean compared to the average wave height.

Industry Usage Summary

Used in audio and electronics to assess how “peaky” a signal is. Important in determining amplifier headroom, speaker handling capacity, and audio signal dynamics—especially for music with sharp transients like percussion or vocals.

Engineering Shortcut

Crest Factor = Peak Value ÷ RMS Value (often shown in dB as 20 × log₁₀(Peak/RMS)).

Full Technical Explanation

Crest factor is a measure of the dynamic range of a waveform. A higher crest factor indicates a signal with high peaks compared to its average power—common in classical or acoustic music. A lower crest factor suggests a more compressed signal, like in broadcast audio. Audio engineers use crest factor to evaluate amplification limits, speaker safety, and signal clarity.