Simple Explanation

A device that turns digital audio (1s and 0s) into a smooth, analog sound signal.

Concise Technical Definition

A DAC converts a digital bitstream (typically PCM or DSD) into an analog signal, used in audio systems to drive speakers or headphones.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like translating a computer’s binary language into music you can actually hear.

Industry Usage Summary

Found in CD players, smartphones, digital audio interfaces, DAC chips, sound cards, and AV receivers. Critical in hi-fi and pro audio gear, where conversion accuracy affects sound quality.

Engineering Shortcut

Digital bits in → analog voltage out. Output quality depends on bit depth, sample rate, and filtering.

Full Technical Explanation

A Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) reconstructs analog waveforms from digital bitstreams (e.g., PCM or DSD). It does this by assigning voltage values to binary data at each sample point and filtering the stepped output into smooth analog signals. High-performance DACs minimize jitter, noise, and distortion to preserve audio fidelity.