Simple Explanation

A speaker that moves a thin charged film to make sound instead of using magnets or coils.

Concise Technical Definition

A loudspeaker using a charged diaphragm suspended between conductive grids; sound is produced through electrostatic attraction and repulsion.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like a plastic wrap that wiggles between two electrified fences to make music.

Industry Usage Summary

Known for high-fidelity and low distortion, often used in audiophile-performance or high-end home audio setups.

Engineering Shortcut

No magnetic components; relies on electrostatic forces; requires external or built-in high-voltage power supply.

Full Technical Explanation

Electrostatic loudspeakers use a thin, electrically charged diaphragm placed between two conductive stators (grids). An onboard power supply provides the high-voltage static charge required for operation. The audio signal is applied to the stators, which creates an alternating electrostatic field. This field attracts and repels the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate and produce sound. Unlike dynamic speakers, electrostatics do not use magnets or voice coils, allowing them to achieve extremely low distortion and high accuracy, especially in the mid and high frequencies. However, they often lack strong bass performance and require precise placement and high-voltage circuitry to operate safely.