Simple Explanation

A tool that stops audio from getting too loud by capping the signal at a set maximum level.

Concise Technical Definition

A dynamic range processor that prevents an audio signal from exceeding a specified threshold, using a compression ratio of 10:1 or higher.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like a speed limiter in a car—it doesn’t matter how hard you press the gas, you won’t go past the set speed.

Industry Usage Summary

Commonly used in live sound, recording, and broadcasting to prevent clipping, protect speakers, and ensure consistent loudness; often placed after compressors or as part of a mastering chain.

Engineering Shortcut

Compressor with ≥10:1 ratio; clamps max signal level.

Full Technical Explanation

A limiter is a type of compressor designed to restrict an audio signal from exceeding a defined threshold by applying a very high compression ratio—typically 10:1 or greater. This means that for every 10 dB increase in input level above the threshold, the output only increases by 1 dB, or even less. In effect, the signal is "capped," preventing peaks that could cause distortion, overload, or speaker damage. Limiters are essential in live sound reinforcement, broadcasting, mastering, and loudspeaker protection systems, where excessive peaks must be tightly controlled. While compressors shape dynamics more gently, limiters enforce hard boundaries on signal peaks, ensuring maximum output remains within safe or desired limits.