Simple Explanation

A type of distortion that changes how loud or how delayed different parts of a sound are, but doesn't add new sounds.

Concise Technical Definition

A change in the amplitude or phase of frequency components in a signal without introducing new frequencies; typically caused by uneven frequency or phase response.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like playing music through a speaker that turns some notes up or delays others slightly—it’s the same music, just a bit warped.

Industry Usage Summary

Common in speakers, amplifiers, and room acoustics; unlike nonlinear distortion, it doesn't add harmonic content, but still degrades fidelity and imaging through frequency imbalance or phase shift.

Engineering Shortcut

Frequency or phase shift without new frequencies; affects tone/timing.

Full Technical Explanation

Linear distortion occurs when a system alters the amplitude or phase of the input signal’s frequency components, but does not introduce any new frequencies. This means the distortion is limited to changes in frequency response (some frequencies may be boosted or cut) and phase response (time alignment between frequencies may be shifted). Although linear distortion does not create harmonics or intermodulation like nonlinear distortion, it can still degrade audio fidelity by smearing transients, affecting timbre, and disrupting stereo imaging. It typically arises from limitations or design choices in loudspeakers, crossovers, equalization, or room interactions. Correcting linear distortion often involves the use of equalization, time alignment, and acoustic treatment.