Simple Explanation

When the sound is unclear or hard to distinguish—like it’s muffled or blended together.

Concise Technical Definition

A subjective audio term describing poor clarity, especially in the low-mid frequencies, where details become masked or smeared.

Layman-Friendly Analogy

Like looking through dirty glasses—you can see shapes, but the details are lost.

Industry Usage Summary

Often used in reviews and mixing to describe excessive buildup around 200 Hz–500 Hz, causing lack of clarity in vocals or instruments; treated via EQ or acoustic correction.

Engineering Shortcut

Excess energy in low mids; masked detail; poor definition.

Full Technical Explanation

Muddy is a subjective descriptor used in audio to characterize a lack of clarity or definition, typically in the low-mid frequency range (around 200 Hz–500 Hz). It often results from overlapping frequencies, poor room acoustics, or imprecise EQ, causing vocals or instruments to sound congested, boomy, or indistinct. In mixing, muddiness can stem from mic placement, excessive reverb, or improper balance between instruments. In playback systems, speaker placement and untreated room reflections may also contribute. Corrective EQ, acoustic treatment, and cleaner source material can help restore clarity. It is the opposite of terms like clean, crisp, or defined.